حكم قصّ اللحية إلى ما دون القبضة في الفقه الحنفي: دراسة فقهية تحليلية

Abstract

This research addresses the issue of trimming the beard to less than a fist's length within Hanafi jurisprudence (Fiqh). It clarifies that the beard is one of the Sunan al-Fitra (innate practices) and a manifest symbol of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) explicitly commanded letting the beard grow, as stated in his saying: "Differ from the polytheists: let your beards grow and trim your mustaches short" (Sahih Bukhari 7/160). Most jurists (fuqaha) from the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools of thought consider shaving the beard to be unlawful (haram) and assert that trimming it to shorter than a fist's length is impermissible. Prominent Hanafi Imams, such as Ibn Abidin, Al-Zayla'i, and Al-Haskafi, have explicitly stipulated this position. Furthermore, it is established that some Companions of the Prophet (PBUH), including Ibn Umar, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with them), would grasp their beards and trim what extended beyond their fist, indicating the permissibility of this specific action (i.e., trimming the excess beyond a fist) as we see that some of the Muslims in Islamic Context imitate from westerners. Most of them trim and grow their beard less than a fist. They do not have information regarding the Sharia orders in this regard, or they are unaware of their value and importance in Sharia. Therefore, the current article focuses on this problem, and scholars' quotes are mentioned and analyzed in this regard. Notable quotes (Rajih) are cited, along with their reasons. The research emphasizes that letting the beard grow (I'faa al-Lihya) is an act of worship (Ibadah) with moral, religious, and social impacts. Negligence in this regard is considered a violation of the purified Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). In conclusion, the study determines that trimming the beard to less than a fist's length is not permissible (ghayr mashru'). According to Hanafi jurists, it is considered Makruh Tahrimi (prohibitively disliked). This ruling is due to such trimming constituting a resemblance to non-believers and effeminate men and because it represents an apparent deviation from the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the consensus (Ijma') of his noble Companions.